Ethinyl estradiol is a commonly used synthetic estrogen to prevent pregnancy as a component of the oral contraceptive pill approved by the FDA. Synthetic steroid estrogens include ethinyl estradiol, estradiol valerate, estropipate, conjugate esterified estrogen, and quinestrol. Synthetic estrogen is also available for clinical use, designed to increase absorption and effectiveness by altering the estrogen chemical structure for topical or oral administration. The FDA has approved estrogen for hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of symptoms of menopause. Newer studies contradict the finding of the Women's Health Initiative, with evidence of improved quality of life and reduced risk of coronary artery disease and osteoporosis in women when women start estrogen hormone replacement therapy at the onset of menopause. ![]() The Women's Health Initiative ended clinical studies prematurely because participants in the study developed an increased risk of breast cancer and coronary artery disease. Later studies conducted by the Women's Health Initiative concluded that risk was greater than the benefit of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. ![]() According to early studies, estrogen as hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women showed promising benefits of decreased risk of osteoporosis, coronary arterial disease, and mortality. Estrogen for hormone replacement therapy has been heavily researched in medicine and remains a controversial topic. ![]() Of the previously mentioned forms of estrogen, estradiol is the most common form of estrogen hormone for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the treatment of symptoms of menopause. Estrogen is often referred to as estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Estrogen is a steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for developing female sexual characteristics.
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